1. What is a Sun-Synchronous Orbit (SSO)?

A Sun-Synchronous Orbit (SSO) is a nearly polar orbit where the satellite passes over any given point of the planet's surface at the same local solar time. This provides consistent lighting conditions for Earth observation and remote sensing applications.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the SSO equation:

Where:

• \( i \) — Orbital inclination (degrees)
• \( h \) — Altitude above Earth's surface (km)
• \( R_E \) — Earth's radius (6378.137 km)
• \( J_2 \) — Earth's oblateness coefficient (1.08262668×10⁻³)
• \( \dot{\Omega} \) — Required nodal precession rate
• \( n \) — Mean motion

Explanation: The equation calculates the relationship between altitude and inclination required to maintain sun-synchronous characteristics.

3. Importance of SSO Calculation

Details: Accurate SSO calculation is crucial for satellite mission planning, Earth observation, remote sensing, and maintaining consistent lighting conditions for imaging applications.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter altitude in kilometers and inclination in degrees. The calculator will determine if the orbit is sun-synchronous and display the nodal precession rate.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What is the typical altitude range for SSO?
A: SSO altitudes typically range from 600-800 km for most Earth observation satellites.

Q2: Why is SSO important for Earth observation?
A: SSO ensures consistent lighting conditions, allowing for comparable images taken at different times.

Q3: What is the nodal precession rate for a perfect SSO?
A: Approximately 0.9856° per day (360° per year) to match Earth's orbit around the Sun.

Q4: Can any altitude have a sun-synchronous orbit?
A: No, there's a specific relationship between altitude and inclination that must be maintained for SSO.

Q5: What are the main applications of SSO satellites?
A: Weather monitoring, Earth observation, remote sensing, environmental monitoring, and military reconnaissance.