1. What is Series and Parallel Resistance?

Series and parallel are the two basic ways of connecting resistors in an electrical circuit. In series connection, resistors are connected end-to-end, while in parallel connection, resistors are connected across the same two points.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the following formulas:

Where:

• R₁ — First resistance value in ohms
• R₂ — Second resistance value in ohms
• R_total — Equivalent resistance in ohms

Explanation: In series circuits, resistances add directly. In parallel circuits, the reciprocal of the total resistance equals the sum of the reciprocals of individual resistances.

3. Importance of Equivalent Resistance Calculation

Details: Calculating equivalent resistance is fundamental in circuit analysis, allowing simplification of complex circuits and prediction of current flow and voltage distribution.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter resistance values in ohms (must be positive numbers), select the circuit type (series or parallel), and click Calculate to get the equivalent resistance.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What happens to total resistance in series vs parallel?
A: In series, total resistance increases (R_total > R₁, R₂). In parallel, total resistance decreases (R_total < R₁, R₂).

Q2: Can I calculate for more than two resistors?
A: The same principles apply. For series: R_total = R₁ + R₂ + R₃ + ... For parallel: 1/R_total = 1/R₁ + 1/R₂ + 1/R₃ + ...

Q3: What if one resistance is zero?
A: Zero resistance creates a short circuit. In parallel with zero resistance, total resistance becomes zero.

Q4: How does resistance affect current?
A: According to Ohm's Law (V = IR), for a fixed voltage, higher resistance means lower current, and vice versa.

Q5: Are real resistors exactly as calculated?
A: Real resistors have manufacturing tolerances (typically 1-10%), so actual values may vary slightly from calculated values.