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Velocity Formula:
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The velocity formula calculates fluid velocity in a pipe using the equation v = Q/A, where v is velocity, Q is flow rate, and A is cross-sectional area. This fundamental equation in fluid mechanics helps determine how fast fluid moves through a conduit.
The calculator uses the velocity equation:
Where:
Explanation: The equation shows that velocity is directly proportional to flow rate and inversely proportional to cross-sectional area.
Details: Calculating fluid velocity is essential for pipe system design, determining pressure drops, ensuring proper flow characteristics, and preventing issues like erosion or sedimentation in piping systems.
Tips: Enter flow rate in m³/s and cross-sectional area in m². Both values must be positive numbers greater than zero for accurate calculation.
Q1: What units should I use for this calculation?
A: The calculator uses SI units: flow rate in cubic meters per second (m³/s) and area in square meters (m²), resulting in velocity in meters per second (m/s).
Q2: How do I calculate cross-sectional area for a circular pipe?
A: For circular pipes, area = π × r², where r is the radius of the pipe, or A = π × d²/4, where d is the diameter.
Q3: What is a typical velocity range for water in pipes?
A: For water systems, typical velocities range from 0.5-3 m/s, with higher velocities potentially causing erosion and lower velocities potentially allowing sedimentation.
Q4: Does this formula work for all fluids?
A: Yes, the formula v = Q/A applies to all Newtonian fluids, though the practical implications of velocity may vary with fluid properties like viscosity.
Q5: How does velocity relate to pressure in a pipe?
A: According to Bernoulli's principle, as velocity increases, pressure decreases (and vice versa) in a horizontal pipe with constant elevation.