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Velocity Formula:
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Velocity calculation in pipe determines the speed at which a fluid flows through a pipe. It is a fundamental parameter in fluid dynamics and hydraulic engineering, calculated by dividing the volumetric flow rate by the cross-sectional area of the pipe.
The calculator uses the velocity formula:
Where:
Explanation: This formula calculates the average velocity of fluid flowing through a pipe by dividing the volume of fluid passing through per second by the cross-sectional area available for flow.
Details: Calculating pipe velocity is essential for designing efficient piping systems, determining pressure drops, ensuring proper flow characteristics, and preventing issues like erosion, cavitation, or sedimentation in pipelines.
Tips: Enter flow rate in cubic meters per second (m³/s) and cross-sectional area in square meters (m²). Both values must be positive numbers greater than zero for accurate calculation.
Q1: What units should I use for flow and area?
A: For consistent results, use m³/s for flow and m² for area. The calculator will output velocity in m/s.
Q2: What is a typical velocity range for water in pipes?
A: For water systems, typical velocities range from 0.5-3 m/s for municipal water supply and 2-5 m/s for industrial applications.
Q3: How do I calculate pipe area?
A: For circular pipes, area = π × (diameter/2)². For other shapes, use the appropriate geometric formula for cross-sectional area.
Q4: Why is velocity important in pipe design?
A: Proper velocity ensures efficient transport, minimizes energy loss, prevents pipe damage from erosion or water hammer, and reduces sedimentation issues.
Q5: Can I use this calculator for gases?
A: Yes, the formula works for both liquids and gases, but ensure you're using consistent units and consider compressibility effects for gases at high velocities.