1. What is the Dilution Formula?

The dilution formula \( V_2 = \frac{C_1 \times V_1}{C_2} \) calculates the final volume needed to achieve a desired concentration when diluting a solution. This fundamental chemistry equation is based on the principle of conservation of mass.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the dilution equation:

Where:

• \( C_1 \) — Initial concentration (M)
• \( V_1 \) — Initial volume (mL)
• \( C_2 \) — Final concentration (M)
• \( V_2 \) — Final volume (mL)

Explanation: The formula maintains that the amount of solute remains constant before and after dilution, allowing calculation of the required final volume.

3. Importance of Dilution Calculations

Details: Accurate dilution calculations are essential in laboratory settings, pharmaceutical preparations, chemical manufacturing, and various scientific experiments where precise concentrations are critical.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter initial concentration in M, initial volume in mL, and desired final concentration in M. All values must be positive numbers. The calculator will compute the required final volume in mL.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: Can this formula be rearranged to find other variables?
A: Yes, the formula can be rearranged to solve for any of the four variables: \( C_1 = \frac{C_2 \times V_2}{V_1} \), \( V_1 = \frac{C_2 \times V_2}{C_1} \), or \( C_2 = \frac{C_1 \times V_1}{V_2} \).

Q2: What units should I use for concentration and volume?
A: While molarity (M) and milliliters (mL) are commonly used, any consistent concentration and volume units will work as long as they're the same on both sides of the equation.

Q3: Does this formula account for density changes?
A: No, this formula assumes ideal behavior where volume is additive. For precise work with non-ideal solutions, additional corrections may be needed.

Q4: Can I use this for serial dilutions?
A: Yes, though serial dilutions require multiple calculations, with the output of one dilution becoming the input for the next.

Q5: What if my final volume is larger than expected?
A: This typically indicates the need to add more solvent to achieve the desired concentration. The calculated V2 represents the total final volume including both the original solution and added solvent.